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2025年07月19日
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1. 丹麥(Denmark) - 4.24
2. 波多黎各(PuertoRico) - 4.21
3.哥倫比亞(Colombia) - 4.18
4. 冰島(Iceland)- 4.15
5. 北愛(ài)爾蘭(NIreland) - 4.13
6.愛(ài)爾蘭(Ireland)- 4.12
7.瑞士(Switzerland)- 3.96
8.荷蘭(Netherlands)- 3.77
9. 加拿大(Canada)- 3.76
10.奧地利(Austria) - 3.68
……
16. 美國(guó)(U.S.A)- 3.55
……
43. 日本(Japan)- 2.24
……
48. 臺(tái)灣(Taiwan)- 1.83
49.德國(guó)(Germany)- 1.78
……
54. 中國(guó)(China)- 1.64
……
63.香港(Hongkong) - 1.16
……
97.津巴布韋(Zimbabwe) - 1.92
People in most countries around the world are happier these days,according to newly released data from the World Values Survey basedat the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research。
密歇根大學(xué)社會(huì)研究所世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的最新數(shù)據(jù)表明，世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家的人近來(lái)都感覺(jué)比從前更幸福。
Data fromrepresentative national surveys conducted from 1981 to 2007 showthe happiness index rose in an overwhelming majority of nationsstudied。
自1981年至2007年，在國(guó)家范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的各種有代表性的相關(guān)調(diào)查也顯示出絕大多數(shù)目標(biāo)調(diào)查國(guó)的國(guó)民幸福指數(shù)都有所提高。
It's asurprising finding, said U-M political scientist Ronald Inglehart,who directs the World Values Surveys and is the lead author of anarticle on the topic to be published in the July 2008 issue of thejournal Perspectives on Psychological Science. It'swidely believed that it's almost impossible to raise an entirecountry's happiness level.
“這是個(gè)令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們普遍認(rèn)為要提高一個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)民幸福水平幾乎是不可能的。”世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的主持者、密歇根大學(xué)政治學(xué)家羅納德·英格哈特說(shuō)——他還是在《心理學(xué)探新》雜志上的一篇相關(guān)文章的第一作者。
The 2007 waveof the surveys also provides a ranking of 97 nations containing 90percent of the world's population. The results indicate thatDenmark is the happpiest nation inthe world.
2007年的社會(huì)調(diào)查浪潮還提供了一份包含97個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)民幸福水平排名，這些國(guó)家的人口占世界人口的90%。排名結(jié)果顯示，丹麥?zhǔn)鞘澜缟献钚腋５膰?guó)家。
During the past 26 years, the World Values Surveys have asked morethan 350,000 people how happy they are, using the same twoquestions。
在過(guò)去的26年里，世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目用下面這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)調(diào)查人們的幸福程度(他們一共詢問(wèn)過(guò)35萬(wàn)多人)：
Taking allthings together, would you say you are very happy, rather happy,not very happy, not at all happy? And, All things considered, howsatisfied are you with your life as a whole these days?
“總體來(lái)說(shuō)，你認(rèn)為你的生活很幸福、幸福、不怎么幸福，還是一點(diǎn)兒也不幸福？”以及“總體來(lái)說(shuō)，你對(duì)你近期的生活是否滿意？”
Combiningresponses to these two questions, Inglehart and colleaguesconstructed an index of subjective well-being that reflects bothhappiness and general life satisfaction。
英格哈特和他的同事們將人們對(duì)這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答綜合起來(lái)，建立起一套能夠反映幸福程度和對(duì)整體生活滿意度的主觀幸福指數(shù)。
In the 52countries for which a substantial time series is available(covering 17 years on average)， this index rose in 40 countries andfell in only 12. The average percentage of people who said theywere very happy increased by almost seven points。
在52個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性調(diào)查(平均為17年)中，這個(gè)指數(shù)在40個(gè)國(guó)家中有所增長(zhǎng)，只在12個(gè)國(guó)家中顯示出下降。認(rèn)為自己“很幸?！钡娜似骄黾恿私?個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
Most earlierresearch has suggested that happiness levels are stable, Inglehartsaid. Important events like winning the lottery or learning youhave cancer can lead to short-term changes, but in the long runmost previous research suggests that people and nations are stuckon a 'hedonic treadmill.' The belief has been that no matter whathappens or what we do, basic happiness levels are stable and don'treally change.
“以前的大多數(shù)調(diào)查都表明人們的幸福水平是比較穩(wěn)定的，”英格哈特說(shuō)，“中彩票或是得知自己身患癌癥這樣的重大事件可能會(huì)給人的幸福感帶來(lái)短時(shí)間的改變，但之前的大多數(shù)相關(guān)調(diào)查都表明，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，無(wú)論個(gè)人還是民族都會(huì)陷在“快樂(lè)水車”的現(xiàn)象中。人們一直認(rèn)為，無(wú)論我們遇到什么事情，基本的幸福水平是相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的，并不會(huì)發(fā)生真正的改變?！?/p>
The newfindings from the World Values Surveys not only show that duringthe past 25 years, happiness has in fact risen substantially inmost countries. Fully as important as the fact that happiness roseis the reason why. In recent decades, some countries with a largepopulation, such as India and China, have experienced unprecedentedrates of economic growth, and there has been a sharp rise of genderequality and social harmony。
世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的新發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅表明在過(guò)去的25年中，大多數(shù)國(guó)家的人實(shí)際上都比從前幸福了許多；與幸福水平提高這一現(xiàn)象同樣重要的是：為什么會(huì)這樣？在近幾十年中，一些像印度和中國(guó)這樣人口眾多的國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了前所未有的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，同樣兩性平等問(wèn)題也有較大改觀，社會(huì)呈現(xiàn)和諧的局面。
Economicgrowth and rising social harmony have allcontributed to rising happiness, with the later having even moreimpact than economic growth. All of these changes have contributedto providing people with a wider range of choice in how to livetheir lives--which is a key factor in happiness。
經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)及社會(huì)和諧度提高都會(huì)提高國(guó)民幸福水平，而后者的影響更甚于前者。所有這些變化都為人們提供了更為廣泛的選擇，讓他們能夠過(guò)上自己想要的生活——這對(duì)幸福至關(guān)重要。
The resultsclearly show that the happiest societies are those that allowpeople the freedom to choose how to live their lives, Inglehartsaid。
“調(diào)查結(jié)果明確顯示，人們?cè)谀切┠軌蜃杂蛇x擇生活方式的社會(huì)中感到最愉悅?！庇⒏窆卣f(shuō)。
As an example,Inglehart points to the tolerant social norms systems in Denmark,Iceland, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Canada all of which rankamong the 10 happiest countries in the world。
英格哈特列舉了丹麥、冰島、瑞士、荷蘭和加拿大等國(guó)寬容的社會(huì)規(guī)范作為例子，這些國(guó)家都位列最幸福國(guó)家的前十名。
The events ofthe past 25 years have brought a growing sense of freedom thatseems to be even more important than economic development incontributing to rising happiness, Inglehart said. Moreover, themost effective way to maximize happiness seems to change withrising levels of economic development. In subsistence-levelsocieties, happiness is closely linked with in-group solidarity andnational pride. At higher levels of economic security, free choicehas the largest impact on happiness.
“過(guò)去25年中發(fā)生的一切讓人們對(duì)自由愈發(fā)重視，在幸福水平的提高過(guò)程中，自由似乎發(fā)揮了比經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)更重要的作用?！庇⒏窆卣f(shuō)，“此外，最大程度地提高國(guó)民幸福水平的最有效途徑似乎也在隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而改變。在僅能維持生存基準(zhǔn)的社會(huì)中，幸福水平與群體團(tuán)結(jié)和國(guó)家榮譽(yù)緊密相關(guān)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)安全程度較高的社會(huì)中，自由選擇的權(quán)利對(duì)人們快樂(lè)與否影響最大?！?/p>
Comparing World Values Survey data from 1981 to 2007 with earlierdata from 1946 from the World Database of Happiness, Inglehart andcolleagues found that 19 of 24 countries show rising happiness andseveral counties--India, Ireland, Mexico, Pueto Rico and SouthKorea--show steeply rising trends。
英格哈特和他的同事們將1981年至2007年世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目取得的數(shù)據(jù)與世界幸福水平數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中1946年以來(lái)的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)被比較的24個(gè)國(guó)家中有19個(gè)顯示出幸福水平提高，有幾個(gè)國(guó)家——印度、愛(ài)爾蘭、墨西哥、波多黎各和韓國(guó)——呈現(xiàn)出幸福水平顯著提高的趨勢(shì)。
